An auction design for local reserve energy markets

a r t i c l e i n f o In this paper we develop an auction mechanism that is designed for a local energy market. It aims to enable regionally or virtually restricted trading of ancillary services, which enhances the position of the balance group responsible party beyond that of simple accounting. Furthermore, it makes local market participants somewhat more independent from the transmission grid operator, but at the same time provides incentives for investments in distributed generation technologies. A wider spread of these technologies can help to save CO 2 emissions, while at the same time a part of them can also be used to counter the fluctuations of energy from volatile renewable sources, such as wind and solar power. Because of their relatively high margins and small share in total production, ancillary services are well-suited for a remuneration scheme. Participants in the auction are, thus, private households, which impose specific design characteristics on the auction. Most importantly, it needs to be transparent and easy to understand, as homeowners will typically not have the insights of a professional trader as well as lack a similar position and motivation. Also, the confinement to a single balance group, i.e. a local market, means that especially in the beginning of the trading only a small number of bidders can be expected. Therefore, competition will initially be limited, so that the auction design needs to be adapted accordingly. In order to test the performance of the proposed auction market design under varying information policies, a simple agent-based simulation program has been developed. We find that the theoretical predictions hold and that competition quickly leads to price convergence. In recent years ancillary services in electricity markets and especially such providing reserve energy have received increasing attention. This is due to several facts. First of all, the increase of the share of unpredictably fluctuating renewable energy in total energy production has led to a higher demand for reserve capacities to buffer those fluctuations. Secondly, new technological and societal developments have started to offer new ways of meeting this demand. Smaller and larger consumers can offer some of their loads and capacities to external control or even offer load adjustments at certain times of the day themselves. They can further participate in virtual power plants (VPPs) to sell power produced in large numbers of small-scale, distributed home devices, such as micro combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants …